Happening of Islamic Revolution has been counted as a turning point in the history of international relations. Proposing political Islam, IR has articulated its discourse of Power and with its presence in the field, affected the Discourses of Power in regional and international area. Therefor the question of the paper follows as: how political Islam has affected the Discourses of Power in the two levels in the space of competition and conflict? Exactly considering the space of conflict and struggle ruling the Discourses in international system and sub-system of the west of Asia, with regard to the time of IR happening in Iran and using the method of discourse analysis, we may draw and explain gradually ascending streamline of political Islam in the geometry of international Power. Otherness-making of political Islam with both Power Discourses of Communism and Liberalism and, consequently, with their sub-Discourses in the west of Asia caused a number of sub-Discourses of the area to be fallen and destroyed.

Generally speaking, the political-social scene of the twentieth Iraq witnessed the emergence of five major Discourses of Power and resistance. They were, once, opposing the formal Power discourse, reproducing the discourse of “resistance” in the role of a dissenter. Once they seized the Power, however, they would struggle other Discourses. These five Discourses were as follows: the Islamic-Shiites, the communist left wing, the Kurds, the nationalists, and the Ba’th party.In the present article, we will use the discourse theories of Laclau, Mouffe and Foucault to investigate the central points, articulations, elements and the spheres of these Discourses in the twentieth Iraq up to the fall of Saddam’s regime.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive Power dispatch method in a wind-integrated Power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive Power generation and active Power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive Power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

The main purpose of this research is to represent the controversy over the two professional development Discourses and the professional identity of the teacher in terms of Power relations. In order to achieve this goal, documentary-analytical research method was used. The findings suggest that the four main controversies with professional disputes, the structure and agency conflict, the conflict of professionality and professionalism, and the conflict of bureaucracy and democracy that have been able to grow in the context of Power relations The most important reflection sites are related to the two Discourses of professional teacher development and the teacher's professional identity. Considering the fact that the topic of both teacher's Discourses is different and depending on the different educational systems and the civil development of societies in some coordinates, including assumptions and notions as to the teacher, there are differences in different societies, this paper has tried After expanding the controversy between the two Discourses, which are context-based and affiliated with the Power relations, they will promote the development of new perceptions and the establishment of new Discourses with more different images of the distribution of Power in the Iranian education system

The two decades 1990s and 2000s could be regarded as the period of establishment of women’ s literature and the formation of a feminine discourse in Iran. Shiva Arastui is one of the authors who attempt at de-stereotyping the notion of femininity by bringing women under focus. This article focuses on a critical study of the two Discourses of Power and gender and their mutual relationship in the short story “ Shazdeh Khanom” (“ The Princess” ). The story advances on two internal and external levels. On the external level, the prevalent political discourse is undergoing a change due to the Islamic Revolution, and consequently, the individual’ s position as subject in society, including the definitions of woman and femininity, changes. On the internal level, the narrator finds herself standing between tradition and modernity. Backed by social consciousness, she refuses to blindly accept parts of the tradition, but still remains a subaltern in the patriarchal society. These changes are not unilateral. As a change in the discourse of Power leads to a change in the discourse of gender, the change in the discourse of gender and gender identity gives rise to women’ s consciousness of their rights and demands, and this, in turn, obliges the higher ranks of society to recognize women’ s existence and to accommodate themselves to the new definitions. Introduction Women’ s literature has undergone enormous changes in the past two decades. In the 1990s and 2000s not only did the number of women writers increase, but also the quality of works produced by women improved significantly. The publication of literary magazines, translations of modernist and postmodernist works and different literary workshops are among factors contributing to the development of new styles and forms of fiction writing, resulting in higher self-confidence among female fiction writers. In her works, Shiva Arastui tries to abandon the cliché s associated with the concept of femininity. The present article offers a critical study of the Discourses of Power and gender and their relationship with each other in Arastui’ s “ ShazdehKhanom” . Theoretical Framework The present article relies on the ideas of Norman Fairclough on critical discourse and how Power and hegemony develop in the society. He sees discourse to be made up of social practice, discursive practice (including the production, distribution and consumption) and the text. Discourse analysis, to him, is the analysis of each aspect separately and in interaction with one another. This article tries to find out whether there is a significant relationship between the Discourses of Power and gender in fiction. Methodology The present article is follows a descriptive methodology and draws on text analysis to provide answers to the main questions of the article. Findings At the external level of “ Shazdeh Khanom” , the dominating discourse of Power is changing and the conflict between the Discourses of the monarch and the people has brought about a change in the social hierarchy and, consequently, the subjectivity of individuals. New roles and expectations, which had been previously absent in the traditional discourse, develop for revolutionary women. At the internal level, the narrator is poised on the boundary between tradition and modernity. Fully aware of the changes, she refuses to fit in with the expectations created by tradition and the feminine discourse. Arastui provides us with a picture of the Iranian society in transition. Conclusion Any change at an upper level, in turn, brings about changes at lower levels, and movements at the base of a pyramid cause movements in upper levels. Women’ s development of a new definition of their individual and family identity and their conscious attempt at fighting for their rights lead to changes in tradition, which control and direct women’ actions and behavior, and force the discourse of Power to rethink its methods and practices in relation to members of society and their subjectivity. Women, as a result, use writing as a critical reaction to the Discourses of gender and Power and try to raise awareness about their status and situation, resulting in the formation of a feminine discourse that forces other Discourses to accept their presence, new definitions and expectations.

Human Attitude Toward the World is Influenced by the System of Discourse. Text Analysis, better than any other Method, can Show Socio-Cultural Processes in all their Forms, with all their Nature. In this Regard, Laclau and Moff's Discourse, which is Closer to Foucault in some Respects can be Used. This Research Uses a Descriptive-analytical Method and a Discourse Analysis Approach to Analyze and Explain the Discourse fFormulations Applied by Khayyam in Nowruznameh. Using Discourse Articulation Mechanisms, this Study Indicates that the Discourse Followed by Khayam is a Material and Cultural Discourse which Plays a Significant Role in Nowrouz Discourse reproduction. Nowrouz Feast is the Cornerstone of Discourse Around which such Discourse as Medicine, Astronomy and Superstitions are Organized. Among the Discourse Elements of Nowruznameh, the Element of wine, which is Quite Intoxicating, has a Prominent Significance.

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, Power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-Power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Discourses on employment of women entail certain methods that individuals and groups stick to when talking about the need or no need, musts and must-nots about employing women in the society. This paper has picked up the theory and method of discourse analysis based on Laclau and Mouffe theory to develop a comparative study between Imam Khomeini’s views and other common Discourses concerning employment of women to extract similarities and distinctions. Our statistical population is historical texts on purposely selected intellectual schools. Findings indicate that pro-women employment Discourses chiefly place emphasis on self-sufficiency of women, whereas the opposing Discourses invoke natural differences and argue that employment of women disrupts family order. In the midst of these two Discourses, Imam Khomeini’s discourse is based on Islamic teachings, the hegemony of which in the area of employment of women, has had immense consequences in safe and calm entry of women into employment centers and at the same time, settling women’s multi-faceted roles in family and career.  

The purpose of this article is to analyze the content of the main Discourses of religious reformers in terms of their approach to society's problems and how they use modern ideas in this field. In this regard, Discourses of expediency, debate, and compromise have been discussed, and a fourth discourse titled exchange and competition discourse has also been suggested. The method is qualitative content analysis and the results are the theoretical description of the mentioned Discourses and the evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses. The final finding of the article is that although reformist Discourses have been very successful in defense of religious teachings, it seems necessary to move from a defensive position to an establishment position for further growth.